英语音标规则？

1

重读音节

开闭音节读音

元音字母重读开音节和闭音节中的读音

a

①在开音节中/eɪ/name,plane,Jane,baby,cake

②在闭音节中1一般读作/æ/bag,dad,hat,map,black,back2在f，n，ph，sk，sp，st，ss，th之前时时读/ɑ:/

e

①在开音节中/i:/he,these,me,Chinese

②在闭音节中/e/bed,let,pen,desk,yes,egg

i

①在开音节中/aɪ/bike,drive,time,nice,kite

②在闭音节中/ɪ/fish,big,drink,sit,milk,swim

o

①在开音节中/əʊ/those,close,go,hoe,home,no

②在闭音节中/ɒ/clock,not,box,shop,sock

u

①在开音节中1./ju:/student,excuse,duty,Tuesday2.元音字母u在辅音字母j、l、r或字母组合ch、sh、tr、dr后面时（辅音字母发音为[ʃ]、[ʒ]、[tʃ]、[dʒ]、[l]、[r]、[tr]、[dr]），读/u:/，例如：June，blue，ruler，true。

②在闭音节中/ʌ/bus,cup,jump,much,lunch

特殊读音

元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音

a

①在/w/音后面/ɒ/want,what,watch,wash,quality

②在f，n，sk，ph，sp，ss，st，th，lm前/α:/after,plant,ask,grasp,glass,fast,father

i

在-nd，-ld和gh前/aɪ/find,child,light,high

o

①在-st，-ld前/əʊ/most,postcard,old,cold

②在m，n，v，th前/ʌ/come,monkey,love,mother

r音节

-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

ar

①/α:/car,farm,dark,sharpener

②在/w/音后面/ɔ:/warm,quarter,towards

or

①/ɔ:/forty morning short

②/ɜ:/word worker worse

er，ir，ur

/ɜ:/certainly bird Thursday

注：①辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如：carry，sorry，hurry。②-r音节在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音，例如：dollar，teacher，martyr，forget，Saturday。

re音节

-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

are

/eə/care,dare,hare

ere

/ɪə/here,mere

ire

/aɪə/fire,hire,wire

ore

/ɔ:/more,score,before

ure

/jʊə/pure,cure

-re

/ə/centre,fibre,titre,meagre,saltpetre

注

①are，ere，ire，ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读/ʃə/音，例如：picture，pleasure。

②重读元音字母加r，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母r读/r/音。例如：parent，zero，story，during，inspiring。

③另外，某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orange，very，American，paragraph。

元音字组

元音字组在重读音节中的读音

ai，ay

/eɪ/afraid,rain,wait,day,play

air

/eə/air,hair,chair,pair,repair

al

①在l,k前/ɔ:/small,ball,talk,wall,all,talk,

②/ɔ:l/always,also,salt,almost

③在f,m前/α:/half,calm

au，aw

/ɔ:/autumn,daughter,draw

ea

①/i:/teach,easy,cheap,please

②/e/heavy,bread,sweater,weather

③/eɪ/break,great

ear

①/ɪə/hear,dear,near,clear,year

②/eə/bear,pear,wear,swear

③/ɜ:/earth,learn,early

ee

/i:/jeep,week,green,three

eer

/ɪə/pioneer,deer,beer

ei，ey

①/eɪ/eight,neighbour,they

②/i:/seize,key

eu,ew

①在j,l,r,s后/u:/ flew,brew,jewelry，jewel

②/ju:/ new,few,newspaper

ie,ei

/s/音之后/i:/piece,field,receive

oa

/əʊ/coat,Joan,boat,goal

oar，oor

/ɔ:/roar,board,door,floor

oi，oy

/ɔɪ/noise,point,boy,toilet

oo

/u:/broom,food,tooth,school,zoo

/ʊ/book,look,cook,foot,good, football

ou，ow

①/aʊ/flower,house,count,down

②/əʊ/know,row,throw,though

③/ʌ/young,country,enough

④/u:/group,soup

our

①/ɔ:/ course,your,four

②/aʊə/our,hour,sour

③/ɜ:/journey

oul

/ʊ/would,should,could(主要是情态动词、助动词）

ui

①在j，l，r，s后/u:ɪ/fluid,suicide,tuition

②/u:/juice,fruit,suit