初二下学期英语

Unit 2 What are you going to do ?主要内容： 1．词汇 fifth, trip, field, trip, fish, fishing, go fishing, east , boating, go boating, maybe, mountain, hike, hiking, go hiking, agree, picnic, the day after tomorrow, top, problem, quick, quickly, start, trip, trip over, tire, hurry, hurry up, tie, die, more, city, take, eighth, salesgirl, far, beautiful 2．日常交际用语 Let’s discuss it. Are we all going? I like go fishing. Let’s go boating on the river. That’s going to be fun. I agree. 3．语法 be going to 句型 “be going to+动词原形”表示将要发生的事，或打算、计划、决定要做某事。常与表示将来的时间连用。如：tomorrow, tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening, this evening, next week/month/year等。be是助动词，随着主语的人称和数的变化而变化。否定句在be后加not, 一般疑问句将be放句首大写。例如： I am going to have a swim tomorrow. 我打算明天去游泳。 They aren’t going go have any lessons next week. 他们下星期不上课。 Is Li Lei going to play basketball after school ? 李雷打算放学后去打蓝球吗？ ―Where are you going to meet ? 你们打算在哪儿见面？ ―On the road outside the school gate. 在校门口的马路上。 重点难点 1．Next Friday we’re going on our first field trip. 下周五我们将进行首次野地旅行。 go on 进行（活动）。例如： They are going on a visit to the big farm tomorrow. 他们明天将去参观那个大农场。 We are going on a trip to Europe next year. 我们打算明年去欧洲旅行。 The children are going on a picnic next Sunday. 孩子们打算下周日进行野餐。 2．Where are you going ? 你打算到哪里去？ (1)疑问副词where用于引导一个特殊问句，问某人(做某事)的地点，或某事发生的地点，例如： Where is Jim ? 吉姆在哪里？ He is in the classroom. 在教室里。 Where are they reading ? 他们在哪里读书？ In the school library. 在校图书馆里。 (2) come, go, fly, see, leave, start 等动词的现在进行时态，可用来表示将来的动作，例如： Are you coming with us tomorrow ? 你明天要我们一起来吗？ She is going shopping with her mother. 她要和妈妈一起去商店买东西。 3．I like going fishing. 我喜欢钓鱼。 Like 在这里是动词，意思是“喜欢”。其后经常接动词的-ing形式，表示习惯和爱好。例如： Li Lei likes playing football. 李磊喜欢踢足球。 I like drinking. 我喜欢喝茶。 like doing sth./like to do sth. like doing sth. 表示某人的爱好或经常性的动作，具有抽象的概念；like to do sth. 则表示某种临时性的动作，强调具体的某一次行为，指想干某事。例如： My father likes swimming, but he doesn’t like to swim now. 我父亲喜欢游泳，但他现在不愿意游。 Do you like to have a cup of tea or coffee? 你想喝杯茶还是咖啡？ 4．Why don’t we go fishing at East Lake ? 我们为什么不去东湖钓鱼呢？ (1)Why don’t you(we)… ？用来提建议，可译为“为什么不……” Why don’t you come a little earlier ? 你为什么不早点来？ Why don’t you go home ? 你为什么不回家？ 这种结构的简略式为：Why not+动词原形 (2) go fishing 去钓鱼，类似的ggo shopping 去买东西 5．Let’s discuss how we’re going go get there. 让我们讨论我们将如何到达那儿。 get to意为“到达”，后接副词，“to”常省略。例如：get home 意为“到家”，在初中阶段表示“到达”的还有： (1)reach He reaches school at 7:00 every morning. 他每天早上7点钟到达学校。 (2)arrive at, arrive in arrive at指到达小的位置，例如： He arrived at the village yesterday. 昨天他到达了那个小村庄。 arrive in 指到达大的地方，例如： He arrived in Shanghai on time. 他准时地到达了上海。 6．They are going to hike to the top of a mountain .他们打算徒步旅行到一座大山的顶端。 (1)mountain n. 大山，如：Mountain Tai 泰山 hill n. 指小山。 (2)on the top of the mountain 在山的顶端。初中阶段类似的词at the foot in the middle in the fronat the back of 在……的后面 He lives at the foot of the mountain. 他住在山脚 The teacher is standing at the back of the classroom . 老师站在教室的后面。 Hubei Province is in the middle of China. 湖北省位于中国的中部。 7．Kate wants to hike quickly. 凯特想走得快点 儿。 quickly是由形容词 quick 加后缀-ly构成的副词。英语中很多形容词可通过加后缀-ly变成副词，如：strong strongly, bright brightly heavy heavily, careful carefully, happy happily, slow slowly等。形容词用于系动词后作表语，名词前作定语。副词用来修饰行为动词。例如： The snow was very heavy last night. It snowed heavily last night. 昨天夜里雪下得很大。 She is a careful girl. She listens to the teacher carefully. 她是个认真的女孩。她听课很认真。 他很快吃完早饭就去上学了。 After a quick breakfast he went to school. He had breakfast quickly and went to school. 8．Jill often goes the wrong way. 吉尔经常走错路。 go the wrong way 意思是“走错路”。例如： We didn’t go the wrong way. 我们没走错路。 Don’t go the wrong way. 别走错路。 9．Ed starts to carry the bag but trips over his shoes. Ed开始扛包裹，但被他的鞋绊倒。 trip over something 被……绊倒。例如： He trips over the root of a tree. 他被树根绊倒。 类似的词组还有：trip somebody up 意思为“使某人绊倒失足”。例如： He tripped up and nearly fell. 他被绊了一下几乎跌倒在地。 10．We’re going to the city tomorrow. 明天我们打算去城里。 city n. 城市，如：Beijing city、Shanghai city, 表示……城市，还可以说the city of …。 在表示地名时还可以用town(城镇)、village(村子)、country(乡村)来表示。town比city小，比village大。 He comes from the city of London. 他来自伦敦。 The old man lives in the town. 这位老人住在这个小镇上。 The students are from the village far away. 这些学生来自边远的乡村。 Do you like living in the country ? 你喜欢住在农村吗？ 11．It’s not far from Xi’an. 离西安不远。 be far意为“离得远”，far的反义词near。A is far(away) from B.表示“A地离B地远”，A is near to B. 表示“A地离B地近”。但far之前不能有具体的数字，如果有确切的距离，则只用from或away from。例如： I live far(away) from school. 我住得离学校远。 The farm is(quite) near to the school. 农场离学校很近。 The school is three kilometers (away) from my house. 学校离我家有3公里远。 12．We’re going to watch football next Sunday. 我们下星期日打算看足球。 Watch football：看足球，初中阶段表达“看”，有下列几种形式： (1)watch：多用于看电视、看(球类)比赛。例如： He often watches TV on Saturday. 他经常在周六看电视。 Jim likes watching football games. 吉米喜欢看足球赛。 (2)see：通常指看病、看电影、看望某人。例如： I’m going to see a film this Sunday. 在本星期天，我打算看一场电影。 Please see a doctor. 去看医生吧！ (3)read：指看书、看报 Look, she’s reading a newspaper. 瞧！她在看报。 (4)look：表示看什么，具体看什么东西用look at 或 have a look at。例如： Please look at the blackboard! 请看黑板。 May I have a look at you ticket ? 我可以看看你的票吗？例题讲解 【例1】How many _________ can you see in the picture? A．people B．peoples C．the people D．the peoples 精析 表示多个“人”而不强调性别时要用people，people是集合名词，意为“人们，人民”。当“人们”讲时，前面通常不加定冠词：当“人民”讲时，前面需加定冠词the；peoples为复数，意为“民族”。people作“人”讲时，是可数名词，其单数复数形式相同，都是people。此题答案为A。 答案：A 【例2】They have some ________ getting there. A．questions B．problems C．question D．problem 精析 要完成以上题目，必须了解question和problem的区别，从而选择正确答案。该句的意思是他们到达那儿有一定的难度。question多指要求回答的问题，而problem是指较难或有待解决的问题。故正确答案选B。 答案：B 说明 question和problem都是名词，都表示“问题”。 (1)①problem：问题，习题。例如： The teacher set us some difficult problems. 老师给我们出了些难题。 ②problem：问题，有困难的问题，有待解决的问题。例如： The problem is how to get the money for the project. 问题是如何为工程筹集资金。 (2)question 多指要求回答的问题。例如： She likes to ask all kinds of questions. 她喜欢问各种各样的问题。 【例3】You think he is right, I can’t agree _______ you. A．to B．at C．with D．for 精析 该题旨在检测动词“agree”的用法。该题的意思为“你认为他是对的，我不同意你的观点”。agree为动词，意思是“同意、赞成”，同意某人的观点、意见，通常与with连用。故正确答案为C。 答案：C 说明 agree后面接介词法比较复杂，常见用法有： (1) 涉及讨论的题目用about。 They never agree about politics. 关于政治问题，他们总是意见不一致。 (2)要确定一样事情用on。 Can we agree on a date for the next meeting? 我们能不能为下次会议确定一个时间？ (3)涉及一件建议或计划用to。 He’s agreed to our suggestion about the holiday. 他已经同意我们关于假日的计划了。 (4)涉及意思、想法、分析、解释以及涉及人的时候用with。 They might not agree with his opinions. 他们可能不同意他的意见。 (5)agree后可接动词不定式或宾语从句。 We agree to leave at once. 我们同意马上离开。习 题 Ⅰ、根据句意及所给首字母写出所缺单词，使句意完整。 1．I’m from Suzhou and Suzhou is my h 2．There are many d kinds of books on the study of English. 3．You can d in pairs how to work out the problem before you do it. 4．I quite a with you. That’s a good idea. 5．Let’s go up the m . I want to be the fist to the top. Ⅱ、将下列短语或短句译成英语。 1．后天______________________________________________________________ 2．进行一次野外郊游__________________________________________________ 3．那将会很有趣。____________________________________________________ 4．徒步到山区去______________________________________________________ 5．三年级四班的全体学生______________________________________________ 6．去河里划船________________________________________________________ 7．请这边走。________________________________________________________ 8．走错路了__________________________________________________________ 9．绊了一跤__________________________________________________________ 10．去参加聚会_______________________________________________________ Ⅲ、选择题。 1．He has two friends here and he has _______ in Beijing. A．the other B．other C．another D．the one 2．“We aren’t going go have a class meeting today.” “________ We have some problems to discuss.” A．That’s all right. B．That’s wrong C．Why not? D．I’m sorry. 3．Tom and his brother like ________ in that river. Which of the following is wrong? A．going swimming B．going for swimming C．going for a swim D．to go swimming 4．He will be back _______ home ________ tomorrow morning. A．to, in B．/,on C．to, on D．/,/ 5．I often help my mother _______ the house. A．with cleaning B．cleaning C．cleans D．clean 6．Lucy starts _________ (do) her homework at 7：00 every evening. A．do B．does C．doing D．to does 7．He’s a ________, and he’s good at ________. A．hiker, hiking B．hiking, hiker C．hiker, hiker D．hiking, hiking 8．_______! The bus is leaving. A．Hurry off B．Hurry up C．In a hurry D．Hurry down 9．The story sounds _________. A．to be true B．as true C．being true D．true 10．Shanghai City is ________ the east of China. A．in B．on C．at D．to Ⅳ、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1．_________ (not look)out of the window. 2．What _________ those people _________ (do) there? 3．_________ Mr Smith _________ (speak) English or Japanese? 4．It’s seven in the morning and John and his parents _________ (have) breakfast. 5．Li Hong often _________ (carry) water for Granny Wang. 6．Mary _________ (see) her uncle the day after tomorrow. 7．Look! What ________the boy _________ (read) under the tree? 8．He _________ (take)his children to the zoo every week. 9．There _________ (be) a basketball match in our school this afternoon. 10．Tom _________ (not have) any classes on Sundays. Ⅴ、短文改错。 Mr Robert Smith is worker. 1、_________ He comes from American. 2、_________ He is born in 1965 in Washington. 3、_________ When he was a children, he heard 4、_________ a lot about China, the friend Chinese 5、_________ people and delicious Chinese food. 6、_________ He wanted very much live and work in china. 7、_________ 1990. Now he lives at 14 Xidan Street and 8、_________ works Beijing TV Factory. 9、_________参考答案 Ⅰ．1．hometown 2．different 3．discuss 4．agree 5．mountain Ⅱ．1．the day after tomorrow 2．go on a field trip 3．That’s going to be fun4．Hike to the mountains. 5．The students of Class Four, Grade Three6．go boating on the river 7．Please go/take this way. 8．go the wrong way9．trip over one’s shoes 10． go to the party Ⅲ． 1．C 表示三个、三个以上或不确定数量中的“又一个”、“再一个”，应说another，故选C。 2．C Why not? 在这里表示反问，意思是“为什么不开会呢”。说话人的意思是肯定的，即应该开会，因为有些问题要讨论，后一句是这一反问句的原因，前后呼应，符合思维逻辑。选项A表示“没关系”，选项B表示“说错了”或“做错了”，选项D是向对方道歉，这三项均不能与下文相呼应。 3．B 本题问的是哪一项是错的。动词like后面可接不定式，也可接动词-ing形式，由此确定四项中动词go的形式正确。通常我们说go swimming, 也可以说go for a swim。go for后面通常接一名词，而不接动词-ing形式，因此go for swimming 的形式是错误的。 4．D be back home表示“回家”，这里home为副词，前面不用介词to；morning、afternoon、evening被this，that，next，last，tomorrow，yesterday所修饰时，前面不能用介词，故本题的两空格上均不能填词。 5．D 通常说help sb. do sth，这里的不定式可不带to，故选D。可说help sb. with sth，介词with 后面接名词，但不能接动词-ing形式，故选项A是错误的。不说help sb.doing sth,故选项B是错误的。从语法上分析，my mother是help的宾语，clean the house 是不定式作宾语补足语，是宾语my mother的动作。 6．C 该题主要是检测start的有关词用法。该题的意思是Lucy在每天晚上七点钟开始做她的家庭作业。“开始做……”我们可以说：start to do something或start doing something.综合以上答案，故正确答案应选C。 7．A 该题主要是检测有关“hike”意义方面的知识，并涉及到词类的转换问题。Hike作动词来讲是“旅行”，“旅行者”是hiker。“hiking”是动名词，意思是“徒步旅行”。该句的意思是他是一个旅行者，擅长于徒步旅行。故正确答案应选A。 8．B 该题主要是检测学生对“hurry”有关用法的了解情况。该题的意思是赶快，公共汽车马上就要开了。hurry off是“匆忙离去”。in a hurry是“匆忙地，急忙地”，相当于副词。hurry up 是“赶快”，故正确答案选B。 9．D 该题主要是检测sound作动词的用法。该句的意思是这个故事听起来是真的。sound作动词是“听起来”，后面接形容词，故正确答案选D。 10．A 该小题主要是检测介词in、on、to在表示地理位置时的差别。该小题的意思为上海市位于中国的东部。上海是中国的一部分，故正确答案选A。 Ⅳ． 1．Don’t look 本句是祈使句，祈使句的否定形式用Don’t，故本题填Don’t look。 2．are；doing 本句应理解为：“那些人在那儿干什么？”句子含有此时此刻正在做某件事的意思，应用现在进行时，故填are, doing; are位于主语前。 3．Does; speak 这是疑问句，由于主语是第三人称单数，故构成疑问句的助动词应用Does,位于主语前，speak用原形。 4．are having 本题It’s seven in the morning是关键，表示现在是“早上七点”，此时此刻John和他父母正在吃早饭，应用现在进行时，故填are having。 5．carries 主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用单数形式，carry的第三人称单数形式是carries。 6．will see/is going to see the day after tomorrow是一个未来时间，故句中谓语动词应用一般将来时，填will see 或 is going to see。 7．is, reading “Look!”就是唤起对方注意一个眼前正在进行的动作，故应填现在进行时is reading, is位于主语之前。 8．takes every week是一个经常性时间，所以谓语动词应用一般现在时表示经常性的动作，又由于主语是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词应用单数，填takes。 9．will be/is going to be this afternoon(今天下午)应看作为将来时间，动词用一般将来时，故填will be 或is going to be。 10．doesn't have on Sundays 意思是“每逢星期天”，是一个通常性时间，谓语动词应用一般现在时，又由于主语是第三人称单数，故填doesn’t have。 Ⅴ． 1．在worker前加a。worker是单数名词，前面应加a。表示“一个”。 2．American 改为America。Come from后应该加“国名”。 3．is改为was。“出生”只用一般过去时。 4．children改为child。主语he与表语应保持数的一致性。children是复数，应改为单数形式。 5．friend改为friendly。“友好的”是friendly，friend是朋友的意思。 6．live前加to。Want后面接动词不定式to do sth. 7．came后加to。Come是不及物动词，要带宾语，必须加to。 8．在1990前加in。在某一年，应有介词in。 9．Beijing前加in。“在……工厂”应该用介词in 本学期的一些主要语法项目 教学过程 介词短语 介词短语表示时间（for sinceat） People have sent Christmas cards to each other for about 150 years.（时间段） I have lived here since I was born .（时间点） at 5 o’clock（时间点） at Christmas（时间段） 用介词短语描写物品 I prefer the one with the white collar. 以wh-引起的特殊疑问句 What do people usually do at Christmas? Why has electricity become so important in our lives? Where do we usually find this sign? 一般现在时的用法 一般现在时表示客观存在 The earth travels around the sun. In winter the weather starts getting cold and dry. Electricity is very important to us. 一般现在时表示喜好 I prefer picture 11 to picture 4. 一般现在时表示想法 I think that my mum will become a grandmother. 连词 连词表示意义的转折 Although we are old we still work in the fields every day. 连词表示原因 I prefer …to… because… 连词表示选择 I left it either on the table or in the drawer. 情态动词 情态动词表建议 I’d like to have computer lessons. 情态动词表能力 We could move the desks into groups ourselves. 情态动词表请求 Can you write a list of five electrical appliances at home? 形容词的用法 形容词原级 Tom is as tall as me. Tom is not as tall as me. 形容词比较级 Mine is bigger than yours. 形容词最高级 Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. 单音节 多音节 原 级 tall beautiful 比较级 taller more beautiful 最高级 tallest most beautiful 形容词描写人物、动物、物品和状态 Mr Wind became very angry. 形容词表示顺序 Picture 2 could be the first slide. only10000words,sorry!!!

哥们 我救你吧！！ U7 would you mind turning down the music?When it happens , I usually say ”…”Would you (not) mind turning down the music?Certainly not./ Of course not./ No, not at all./Not at all./ sure, there’s no problem. I’ll do it right away./ in a minute.Sorry, I won’t do it again.get ready for School Art Festival准备学校的艺术节design the platform设计平台junior and senior high schools 初高中sock hop赤袜舞会be made of wood用木头制成be marked by shoes被鞋子踏出痕迹remove the shoes脱掉鞋子student union学生会school equipment学校的设备stand in the subway door挡在地铁门口one by one一个接一个the right size合适的尺寸change the slippers with the sports shoes把拖鞋换成运动鞋make the poster制作海报a good-looking gentleman一位英俊的绅士pay the bill付钱send for派人去拿/请in the full view of all the other gueststrouble you麻烦你light one’s cigarette点燃香烟his rough deeds他粗暴的行为trust me信任, 信赖我give suggestions提建议feel uncomfortable感到不舒服different cultures and situations不同的文化和情况be common to V sth共同,为...所共有break the rules违反规则a bad etiquette a bad manner 不文明行为cough loudly咳嗽得很重social customs and ways of behaving社会习俗和行为方式be considered impolite to V sth做某事被认为是不礼貌的acceptable可接受的, 合意的make a fool of sb. by Ving sth通过做某事嘲弄某人differ from不同table manners饭桌礼仪offer sth to sb. 把。。。主动（提供）让给。。。promptness机敏call up to explain his delay 打电话解释他的迟到a formal dinner party正式的宴会be amused or shocked 愉快的 或震惊的paragraph (文章)段, 节, 段落1.介意做某事mind doing sth2.调小/大turn down/up4.从…里出来get out of5.立即right away/at once6.一会儿in a minute7.在开会be at the meeting8.完成这些工作finish these tasks9.在厨房里in the kitchen10.帮某人做某事help sb do/with sth11.抱怨complain about sth12.商店职员store clerk13.给你拿错了食品bring you the wrong food14.不好使don’t work15.恼怒get annoyed16.排队等候wait in line17.长时间的电话聊天 have a long telephone conversation18.到处跟着我follow me around19.回到…go back to20.一直all the time21.碰巧发生在某人身上happen to sb22.试着不做某事try not to do sth23.插队cut in line24.有点晚a bit late25.定购食物order food26.压低你的声音keep your voice down27.讲英语的国家English-speaking country28.社会行为social behavior29.与某人站的近stand close to sb30.一些亚洲国家some Asian countries31.在各种条件下in all situations32.即使even if33.当众in public in public places在公众场所34.小心take care to V sth35.熄灭香烟put out the cigarette36.被批评be criticized37.不允许扔垃圾drop litters is not allowed.38.捡起pick up39.表现礼貌behave politely40.依靠depend on41.地方报纸local newspaper