关于居里夫人的简短英文版资料
Reside the mile madam the Marie Curie(1867-1934) French book an orchidology house, study the radio phenomenon, discover two kinds of radio chemical elements of radium , two degrees of whole life get the Nobel prize.Reside the mile madam the Marie Curie(1867-1934) French book an orchidology house, study the radio phenomenon, discover two kinds of radio chemical elements of radium , two degrees of whole life get the Nobel prize.Be the outstanding scientist, reside the mile the madam has the society influence that general scientist have no.Particularly because is succeed female of pioneer, her model encouraged the many people.Many people mostly a simplification and not complete impressions that hear her story but gets in child's ages.People of this world to reside the mile madam's understanding.Be subjected to on the very big degree the next in order the woman is in the biography that 1937 publish 《 reside madam 》 ( the Madame Curie) affect.This book beautifies to reside the mile madam's life, all handling mildly the turns and twistses that her whole life meet.The American biography woman writer Susan ( the Susan Quinn) spends seven years, the collections includes to reside the mile family the member and friends didn't public diary and biography datas.The published a new book last year:《 Maria · resides the mile:Her whole life 》 ( Maria Curie: The A Life), described a more detailed and thorough picture for her hard, sad and struggling life process.
Reside the mile madam:Have the honor of acquiring great scientist of the Nobel prize twice
On the science history of the world, Mary · reside in is an immortal name forever.The female scientist that this is great, acquire a scientist of of the Nobel prize with own course realm with different from natural endowments, at the physics and the chemistry realms, all made outstanding contribution, and therefore become unique aly at twoly diligence and twice.
A, depend self-educated walk into the Parisian university
Mary · resides the mile to was born in in 1867 Poland, she is an in home 5 statures the woman win minimum.Her father is a mathematics teacher of high school with very limited income, mother is also a high school teacher.Mary's childhood is unfortunate, her mother got the serious infectious disease, is an elder sister to look after what she grow up.Afterwards, mother and elder sister at her disaffection 10 years old one after another died of illness.It was filled with the difficulties in her life.Such living environment not only foster the ability that she live independently, also made her whet the of since the childhood very strong personality.
Mary studies since the childhood very diligent assiduous, have the strong interest and special fondness fors to the study, never let°pass the opportunity of any study easily, express one enterprising spirit that kind is stubborn of in everywhere.From the last primary school beginning, her each homeworks test the first.15 years old hour, graduate from the high school by acquiring the excellent result of the medal of gold.Her father in former times and once in the saint Peter the fortress university specializes in the physics, father to scientific knowledge such as hungry the business heart of the spirit and mightiness of the thirst, also profoundly the good influence wears little Mary.She since the childhood like various instrument within father's laboratory very, she read many books of natural science again after grow up, even making her be filled with the imagination, she hopes earnestly science world to investigate anxiously.But the then financial situation disallow she reads the university.19 years old that year, she starts in the long-term private tutor, still reviewing the lessons the each homework at the same time.Thus, until 24 years old hour, she arrives at the study in the Parisian university college of science finally.She takes the mightiness to beg to know the desire, concentrate on a ground of hear each lesson, the hard study makes her body become less and less good, but her study result has been come out in front, this not only makes the classmates envy, but also makes the professors astonished, enter school two after years, she was filled with the confidence ground to attend the physics B.A. degree examination, in 30 should try, she tested the first.The second year, she again with the excellent result of in the second place, pass in examination the mathematics B.A. degree.
1894 beginning of years, Mary accepts the French national industry to promote the magnetism research item concerning various steel that committee put forward.In the process of complete this research item, she became friends with the physics and chemistry the school teacher compares the 埃尔 · to reside in, he is a to have results to show very much of youth scientist.The common will that brings benefit to with science behavior type make them combine.After Mary get married, people all respectfully call she resides the mile madam.In 1896, reside the mile madam with the result of the first, completed the university graduate student to work the examination.The second year, she completed the magnetism research concerning various steel again.But, acquired result of her dissatisfied foot, the decision tests the Doctor, and made sure own research direction.Stand a new of since run on-line.
Two, the light of the radium
In 1896, the French physicist shell gram announced a work to give a talk or lecture, in detail introduce he passed many uranium chemical elements of experiment detection, uranium and its compounds had a kind of special skill, it can let out a kind of person's naked eye of oneself and in succession unseen shoot the line, this kind of shot the line different from general ray dissimilarity, ability make shine on the elephant film to exposed to light through the black paper, it is together the piano the X of the detection shoot the line also, under the condition of there is no high vacuum air turn on electricity and high electric voltage of in addition, but ability from took place automatically in the uranium and the uranium salts.Uranium and its compounds let out to shoot the line constantly, radiating the energy outwardly.This made reside the mile the madam to take place the tremendous interest.Where do these energies come from?This kind of out of the ordinary shoot what is the property of the line again?Madam's decision of reside the mile uncovers its secret.In 1897, reside the mile the madam made selection the research of own research topic －－ to the radio material.This studies the topic, new world that she brought in science world.She openned up the one virgin soil industriously, end completed the most important a － of the detection － in modern science history to discover the radio chemical element radium, and established the modern to project the foundation of the chemistry, behaving the type to do great of contribution.
In experiment study, resided to design in the madam a kind of measure the instrument, not only can test to find out a certain material whether the existence shoots the line, but also can measure to shoot the strong or weak of the line.She passes by to experiment to discover again and again:The uranium shoots the strength and materials of the line in of contain the amount of uranium to become the certain comparison, but have nothing to do with existent appearance and outside conditions of uraniums.
Reside the mile the madam carried on the overall check towards have already know of chemical element and all compoundses, acquiring the important detection at:A kind of chemical element that is called the thorium also can send out automatically unseen shoot the line to come, this phenomenon that explains the chemical element to can send out to shoot the line will never is the characteristic of the uranium only, but some common characteristic of chemical element.She is called the radio to this kind of phenomenon, being called the radio chemical element to the chemical element that has this kind of property.They let out of shoot the line to call project line.She returns to as a result anticipate according to the experiment:The mineral that implies the uranium and thorium s certainly has the radio;Not the mineral with uranium and thorium certainly has no radio.The instrument check verified her estimate completely.She expeled those not mineral with the radio chemical element, those radioactive minerals of the concentration research, and measure the radio strength of the chemical element by the square.In the experiment, she discovers that the strength that the radio strength of a kind of asphalt uranium mineral compares to anticipate have to have another greatly, this elucidation experiment of imply a kind of people in the mineral unknown new radio chemical element, and the content of this kind of chemical element is certain few, because this kind of mineral were are by the square analytical by many chemists already.She declared own detection in experiment report resolutely, and work hard to confirm it through an experiment.Time in this key, her husband compare the reside in also was aware of the cuckoldry detection of importance, stopped to descend the oneself research concerning the crystallize body, come together with her study this kind of new chemical element.Through the effort of a few months, they separated from the mineral stone a kind of together the bismuth admixture together of material, its radio strength far far above uranium, this is afterwards drive the row is on the periodic table of elements the polonium of the 84.A few month later, they again discovered another a kind of new chemical element, and call the radium to it.But, reside the mile the husband and wife have no joy that achieves success immediately.When got hold of a little compound of the new chemical element, they discover originally the estimate of do is too optimistic.In fact, the content of the radium is still in the mineral stone not to 1/1000,000.Just is very strong because of the radio of this kind of mixture, so imply the material of the little radium salt and express and compare the uranium and want to be strong and several the radio of a hundredfold.
The road of science have always been not flat.polonium And the detection of the radium, and these radios characteristic of the new chemical element, faltered some basic theorieses and basic concept in over several centurieses.The scientists all think in times gone by, the atom of various chemical element is an existent and minimum unit of material, the atom is indivisible, not convertible.According to the traditional standpoint is can't explain 钋 and the radium se radios chemical elements send out of emanation is linear.Therefore, is a physicist regardless, is still a chemist, although be interested in reside the mile madam's research works all, all have the question in the heart.Is the attitude of the chemists particularly more careful.For the sake of the end confirmation this science detection, also for the sake of various property of the further research radium, reside the mile, the husband and wife must separate from the asphalt mineral stone a more, and is a pure radium salt.
The whole unknown worlds are all mysterious.While separate the research work beginning of the new chemical element, they are really do not know any chemistry property of the new chemical element.Unique clues that looks for the new chemical element is it have the very strong radio.They created a kind of new chemistry analysis method on these grounds.But they have no money, have no real laboratory, only some simple instrument of oneself purchase or designs.They proceed from the consideration of the work efficiency, dividing the head to open the exhibition research.From reside the mile the Sir experiment certain the characteristic of the radium;Reside the mile, the madam then continues to refine the pure radium salt.
The where there is a will matter becomes unexpectedly!Any profound mystery of the great universe will will be uncovered toward the people who it is stubborn to offend the pass by those.1902 the end of every years, reside the mile the madam refined very it a gram of very pure chlorination radium, and measuresed its atomic weight accurately.From now on the existence of the radium got the confirmation.The natural radio material that radium is a kind of to get hardest, its body is glossy, similar white of thin salt of elephant crystallize.In spectrum analyze, it are all with any table lines of the chemical element that have already knowses not same alike.Although the radium is not the radio chemical element that the mankind are the first to discover, but is the most strong chemical element of radio.Make use of its strong radio, can further find out to project the line many new property.With make many chemical elements get the further actual application.The medical science research detection, various different cells for the Laser lines are similar to organization, function greatly not, those breed the quick cell, as soon as the irradiation of the radium very quickly was all broken.This detection makes the radium become emollient means that cures the cancer.The cancer lump is from breed the abnormality quickly cellular, the far more healthy than surroundings disorganization function of the Laser line's breakage toward it is greatly many.This kind of new treatment method is very quick to develop in the international community.At France, the radium is called to reside in the therapy.The detection of the radium changed the basic principle of the physics by the root, for promote theoretical development of science and in actually of application, all have the very important meaning.
Three, general mind of gold
Because residing the husband and wife's astonishing detection of mile, December of 1903, they acquired the Nobel physics prize with the shell gram together.Science eminent contribution of their husband and wife is peerless, however they but extreme slight fame and wealth, the most tired of those social parties that boring.They all dedicate own everythings to science business, but don't gain any private interest.After radium refine the success, someone advises them toward government to apply for the patent right, the ridge breaks the manufacturing of the radium with this lucky strike.Reside the mile the madam says to this: That is to disobey science spirit of, the scientist's research result should announce publicly, the other people want to research to manufacture, shouldn't be subjected to take up a post what restrict. Besides the radium is to have advantage to the patient, we shouldn't be to borrow this to strive for the benefit.Reside the mile the husband and wife still present Nobel prize gold that get to other people in large quantity.
In 1906, reside the mile the Sir have the misfortune to die because of the traffic accident, reside mile the madam bore huge pain and sufferings, her decision double effort, complete two personal common sciences wishes.The Parisian university decide from reside the mile the madam takes over to reside the mile Sir tuition physics lesson.Reside the mile the madam becomes the of of Parisian university have the first female professor since history, still at the time of their husband and wife separating a first radium salt, start to project the research of the line various property.Only 1889 to of 1904, they announced 32 academic reports successively, record their footprint investigate in projecting science.In 1910, reside the mile, the madam completed again 《 the radio talked about particularly 》 one book.She returns to cooperate with person, making to take the metals radium successfully.In 1911, reside the mile, the madam acquired the Nobel chemistry prize again.A female scientist, in no longer than 10 years, two acquire the tallest prize of science of world in two different science realms, this in the world of science history up is the one and only affair!
In 1914, Paris set up the radium learned the institute for research, residing the mile the madam served as the research leading of the college.Hereafter she continues in the university teaching, and be engaged in the research work of the radio chemical element.She skins a flint the ground nowise the person whom the scientific knowledge spreads to want for everything to study.She starts from 16 years old, studying for months and years, work, livelong 50 years.But she still does not change that strict life style.She has the high self-sacrifice spirit since the childhood, early years she for being provided for elder sister to go to school, go to other people's home to BE the maid willing.Attend school the period in Paris, she studies in the library every evening, has been arrive the library to close the door to just walk.Withdraw the asphalt uranium mineral that pure radium need, is very valuable at that time, since own living expenses in a ground of 1:1 is economical, buying 8 and 9 tons successively, at resided to die in the Sir, they resided to refine out the all sorts of hardship in the madam of, was worth to be up to 1,000,000 above radium of francs of gold, present gratisly to the laboratory that research cured the cancer.
In 1932, it was 65- year old to resided the mile the madam returned to the motherland, attending the opening ceremony of the sand radium graduate school.Reside the mile the madam is from the youth ages since keep off the motherland, go to France to attend school.But her time also did not forget own motherland.In childhood, her motherland was Poland seize by the sand 俄 , she very the one who hated bitterly to invade.Their husband and wife separated a new chemical element from the mineral hereafter, she named after the polonium to the new chemical element.This is because of the phrase root of the 钋 and Poland the phrase root of the country is similar.She with this mean to cruelly the czarist enslave of motherland think of profoundly.
On July 14 in 1937, reside the mile the madam died of illness.She dies in the pernicious anemia disease finally.Her whole life creation, developped the emanation science, study the strong radio material fearlessly over a long period of time, keep to the end to contribute the life to this science.In her whole life, totally have to lead to include the Nobel prize etc. at inside of a cash award of 10 kinds , get the medal that international deluxe academic organization distribute 16;Various title that the international community government and the research organizations give to amounts to more than 100s more.But she just as since is so modest toward the ground careful.Great scientist, Einstein, the evaluation say: In a person of all that I know, reside in the madam is unique to is not reverse by great reputation of person.
