雅思英语阅读“段落标题配对题”该怎么做？

雅思阅读考试中，“段落标题配对题”（Matching headings）由于选项数目大大多于文章中段落的数目，且需要花费大量时间理解段落，无疑是很多人的噩梦。

段落标题是段落的大意、中心思想或主旨。因此，要正确匹配段落标题就必须先理解段落的大意。

但现实是，雅思考试时我们没有那么多时间去仔细阅读。如果给大家1个小时做一篇文章，我相信大部分同学还是能够准确做对的。

Luckily，根据英文写作规范，英文段落是存在标准结构的，具体如下：

根据上述段落结构，一个标准的英文段落，第一句话为段落的Topic Sentence，也就是中心句。最后一句是结尾句，也是概括本段的中心大意，中间部分则是支撑观点和细节。

而“段落标题配对题”正好需要我们掌握段落的大意。由此可见，我们是可以通过查看段落的Topic Sentence来直接答题的。

段落的Topic Sentence在段落中一般会出现在以下5个位置：

1.段首第一句话一个段落如果存在中心句，绝大部分情况会是在第一句话。

Placing the topic sentence at the beginning of a paragraph offers a number of advantages (中心句). To begin with, it can help the writer keep an eye on paragraph unity by providing a guide for selecting details for the rest of the paragraph. For readers, placement at the beginning establishes the initial context, giving them the foundation they need to understand the details which follow. This is especially true if the writer not only introduces the main point in the topic sentence, but also forecasts the paragraph’s organization with phrases like “a number of advantages.”

2.段中第二句话在这种情况下，第一句话往往是引出本段落要讨论的话题。在下面的段落中，第一句话引出“topic sentence”这一话题，第二句话为中心句。

This is not the only place the topic sentence can go, however. Many times the topic of a paragraph may be introduced after a transitional sentence (中心句). The transitional sentence guides the reader through a shift in thought, pointing back to the previous idea and forward to a new one. That new idea becomes the topic sentence of the new paragraph, and is followed, as before, by supporting and clarifying details.

3.段尾最后一句话在这种情况下，段落前面往往是一系列的例子或事实，最后用一句话总结前面的例子或事实。

What if you decide a paragraph should be developed in indirect order? It may be that the point you’re making is very controversial, so much so that your readers might disagree with you. Or you may feel that leading the readers through a series of supporting details might make comprehension of the main idea easier, letting them “warm up” before learning your message. Sometimes building up slowly to a main idea can be used as a dramatic tool as well, keeping readers guessing until the last instant. In these situations, it may be best to place the topic sentence at the end of the paragraph (中心句).

4.段首第一句和段尾最后一句话这种情况下，往往段落内容较多和复杂。结尾中心句往往会较段首中心句额外添加一点内容，从而更好地帮助读者理解段落。

The central idea can be stated at both the beginning and the end of the paragraph（中心句）. The initial topic sentence introduces the general context of the paragraph, while the body provides the supporting or clarifying details. However, you should exercise caution when using this technique. Simply restating the topic sentence rarely enhances a paragraph, and should certainly not be done in an attempt to revive a disunified or incoherent paragraph. Ideally, the body of the paragraph should build upon the main point raised in the first topic sentence, revealing additional insights before the paragraph’s end, so that the readers will gain a better understanding of the central idea. Then restating the topic sentence at the end with a new twist, or with additional information, can add to the reader’s understanding of your subject（中心句）.

5.没有 Topic sentenceHis fingers moved on the keys, rapping out yet another example, trying to somehow explain how a paragraph can be written without a topic sentence. Mrs. Grimwastle, his third grade teacher, would have shuddered to think that he would one day tell writers that the topic sentence could be left behind, that narrative, descriptive paragraphs need not state their main idea clearly at the beginning, middle or end. Could it be true? Could a paragraph with an obvious central idea, or a specialized paragraph, such as a transitional one, abandon the cornerstone of paragraph writing -- could the topic sentence be left out? Yes, he thought as he wrote. The time had come. They had to know.

知道段落中心句可能会放在哪几个位置很显然对于在有限时间内为段落配上正确的标题是有很大帮助的。

然而现实确是残酷的，大家可能注意到在雅思阅读真题中，存在很多段落找不到Topic Sentence的情况（上述第5种情况），这时候就需要大家通读整个段落来找出答案。

所以，大家在备考复习雅思的过程中，不能一味追求解题技巧。如果大部分答案能够那么容易通过技巧就解答出来，这其实是对雅思出题官智商的一种侮辱。雅思出题官有那么傻吗？因此，还是得脚踏实地、一步一个脚印的提高自身英语水平方为正道。

希望对你有所帮助。