英语语法怎么学

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1. 大家都想知道昨天夜里他发生了什么事。

误：Everyone wants to know what was happened about him last night.

正：Everyone wants to know what happened to him last night.

解析：其一，happen 是不及物动词，没有被动语态形式；其二，表示“某人发生某事”，用“happen to sb.”。

2. 汤姆宁可待在家里也不愿和我们一起去看电影。

误：Tom preferred staying at home rather than going to the cinema with us.

正：Tom preferred to stay at home rather than go to the cinema with us.

解析：prefer to … rather than … 译为“宁可……也不愿……”后接动词原形，而 prefer … to … 中的“to”是介词，这两个词后面都接名词或动名词。如：

Tom preferrd staying at home to going to the cinema with us.

3. 在我们班有五分之三的学生是女孩。

误：In our class three fifth of the students are girls.

正：In our class three fifths of the students are girls.

解析：英语分数的表达法是：分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于一时，分母的序数词后要加“s”。如：三分之一 one third，三分之二 two thirds。

4. 经常听见露茜在隔壁唱歌。

误：Lucy is often heard sing in the next room.

正：Lucy is often heard to sing in the next room.

解析：see, hear, watch, feel 等感官动词和 let, make, have 等使役动词后面接不定式作宾补时，主动语态中要省略“to”，而被动语态里则不能省略。又如：

    The boy is often made to clean the classroom.

5. 当我们到火车站时，火车已开走半小时了。

误：When we got to the station, the train had left for half an hour.

正：When we got to the station, the train had been away for half an hour.

解析：在英语中，短暂性动词和延续性动词可以用于完成时，但不能与表一段时间的状语连用。若后面需接一段时间，就要把该动词变成相应的延续性动词或短语。如：begin — be on, borrow — keep, buy — have, join — be in（be a …）, leave — be away, come — be stay, die — be dead, get to know — know。

6. 不要紧，你只是有点感冒。

误：Never mind, you've just caught a bit cold.

正：Never mind, you've just caught a bit of cold.

解析：a bit 后面接形容词，而 a bit of 后面接名词或代词。本句词组 catch a cold 中的“cold”是名词，所以用“a bit of”。

7. 我不想让妈妈知道李萍今晚是否来看我。

误：I won't let mother know if Li Ping comes to see me this evening.

正：I won't let mother know if Li Ping will come to see me this evening.

解析：“李萍今晚来看我”是一个由if引导的宾语从句，并且是将来时，故用will come。只有当if作“如果”讲，且主句是将来时、或含情态动词、或是祈使句其三者之一时，才用所谓“主将从现”的形式。如：

 1）Shell invite me to have dinner with her if she is free this Sunday.

 2）You must stop if the light turns red.

 3）Tell John about it if he comes back.

8. 杰克问我小强住几楼。

误：Jack asks me which floor does Xiaoqiang live.

正：Jack asks me which floor Xiaoqiang lives on.

解析：其一，“小强住几楼”是宾语从句，译成英语时要用“陈述句语序”。其二，“住”live 是不及物动词，“住几楼”应是“live on the … floor”。疑问代词 which 实际上是 on 的宾语。所以，此句中词尾的介词 on 不能丢。再如：

 1）Whom are you waiting for?

 2）What is Tonny listening to?

 3）I really don't know what to write about.

9. 明天我要找人修一下自行车。

误：I will have my bike to repair tomorrow.

正：I will have my bike repaired tomorrow.

解析：“找某人做某事”应该是“have sth. done”。 又如：

    I will have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理理发。“cut”在这里是过去分词。

10. 他有足够多的时间完成这项工作。

误：He has much time enough to finish the work.

正：He has enough time to finish the work.

解析：enough 修饰名词时，要放在该名词前面，如果修饰形容词或副词，则放在该形容词或副词的后面。如：

    There's enough food in the fridge.

    John runs fast enough to catch up with the others.

11. 在十九世纪六十年代，数百名欧洲人来到了这个城市。

误：In 1860s, hundreds of Europeans came to this city.

正：In the 1860s, hundreds of Europeans came to this city.

解析：表示“在……世纪……年代”时，年份后面不但加“s”，而且前面还要有“the”。如果表示“在哪年”，就只需用“in + 年份”，如：in 1860。

12. 我不在时帮我照顾小孩，你真是太好了。

误：It's very nice for you to take care of my baby while I was away.

正：It's very nice of you to take care of my baby while I was away.

解析：在描述人的品质、性格时用 of。如：

    He is a man of few words. 他是个寡言少语的人。

    It's very kind of you to give me so much help! 给我这么多帮助，你真是太好了！

在“It's  + 形容词 + for sb. + 不定式短语 + 其他”的句子中，“for”译为“对……来说”。

如： It's very important for us to learn English well. 这里的“for”不能换成“to”。