动词过去分词变化规则顺口溜?
规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。
一般动词,在词尾直接加“-ed ”。
work---worked工作,visit---visited参观
以不发音的“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d ”。
live---lived居住
以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“-ed”。
study—studied学习,cry—cried哭泣,try—tried试图,fry—fried油炸。
重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母(r、y、x除外),先双写该辅音字母,再加“-ed”。
stop—stopped停止,drop—dropped落下
特例:
有两类动词本身应该直接加“ed”,但由于历史习惯,依旧要双写最后一个字母,再加“ed”。以“元音字母+l”非重读结尾的规则动词变过去分词也要双写“l",再加“ed”。
例如:cancel→cancelled取消,dial→dialled钟盘。
另外还有一些以非重读闭音节结尾的规则动词变过去分词也要双写最后一个辅音字母,再加“ed”。
例如:kidnap→kidnapped绑架,worship→worshipped崇拜。
而上述两种情况在美国一般却直接加“ed”。
以c结尾的动词,要变c为ck,再加“-ed”。
picnic→picnicked去野餐,traffic→trafficked交易
不规则词
AAA型
即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。(共9个)
cost—cost—cost费用
cut—cut—cut切口
hit—hit—hit打
hurt—hurt—hurt弄痛
let—let—let允许
put—put—put放;
read—read—read读(read的原形和过去式、过去分词读音不同)
set-set-set坐
shut-shut-shut关
ABB型
过去式、过去分词相同。(共42个)
过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。(4个)
bring—brought—brought
buy—bought—bought
think—thought—thought
fight—fought—fought
词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变为t。(4个)
build—built—built
lend—lent— lent
send—sent—sent
spend—spent— spent
过去式、过去分词都含有 -aught。(2个)
catch—caught—caught
teach—taught—taught
把-eep、-eel变为-ept、-elt。(4个)
keep—kept—kept
sleep—slept—slept
sweep— swept—swept
feel—felt— felt
把-ell变为-old。(2个)
tell—told—told
sell—sold—sold
把-ell、-ill变为-elt或-ilt。(3个)
smell—smelt—smelt
spell—spelt—spelt
spill—spilt—spilt
把-eed、-ead、-eet变为-ed或-et。(4个)
feed—fed—fed
lead—led—led
speed—sped—sped
meet—met—met
过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。(6个)
learn—learnt—learnt
mean—meant—meant
spoil—spoilt—spoilt
burn—burnt—burnt
dream—dreamt—dreamt
deal—dealt—dealt
过去式、过去分词词尾去y变-id(4个)
say—said—said
pay—paid—paid
lay—laid—laid
hear—heard—heard
改变元音字母。(12个)
meet—met—met
feed—fed—fed
get—got—got
sit—sat—sat
find—found—found
hold—held—held
spit—spat—spat
shine—shone—shone
win—won—won
hang—hung—hung
dig— dug—dug
lose—lost—lost
改变辅音字母。(4个)
make—made—made
build—built—built
send—sent—sent
spend—spent—spent
改变元、辅音字母。(4个)
leave—left—left
stand—stood—stood
have/has—had—had
understand—understood—understood
ABC型
原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。(共39个)
i—a—u变化。(7个)
begin—began—begun
drink—drank—drunk
sing— sang—sung
ring—rang—rung
swim—swam—swum
sink— sank—sunk
spring—sprang—sprung
词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后加n。(5个)
blow—blew—blown
draw—drew—drawn
grow— grew—grown
know—knew—known
throw—threw—thrown(show除外)
词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,须双写d或t后加n。(4个)(give,hide除外)
drive—drove—driven
write—wrote—written
ride— rode—ridden
rise—rose—risen
过去分词在过去式后加n。(3个)
wake—woke—woken
speak-spoke-spoken
steal-stole-stolen
过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。(2个)
get-got-gotten/got
forget—forgot—forgotten
过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。(6个)
be—was(were)—been
eat—ate—eaten
fall—fell—fallen
give—gave—given
see—saw—seen
hide—hid—hidden(hid)
词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。(2个)
take—took—taken
mistake—mistook—mistaken
原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。(6个)
do—did—done
fly—flew—flown
go—went—gone
lie—lay—lain
show—showed—shown
wear—wore—worn
词尾为-eak时,过去式将其变为-oke,过去分词在过去式后加-n。(2个)
break—broke—broken
speak—spoke—spoken
词中间为“oo+辅(1个)+e”或“ee+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将oo、ee变为o,过去分词在过去式后加-n。(2个)
choose—chose—chosen
freeze—froze—frozen
AAB型
过去式和原形相同。(1个)
beat—beat—beaten
ABA型
过去分词和原形相同。(共3个)
词中间为“o+辅+e”时,过去式将o变为a。(2个)
come—came—come
become—became—become
i—a—u变化。(4个)
begin—began—begundrink—drank—drunksing—sang—sungswim—swam—swum