学习知识英语的过去式？
小学英语过去式知识归纳
一、概念
表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。通常在句子里找到表示过去时间的词或词组。如：yesterday，yesterday morning，yesterday afternoon，yesterday evening，the day before yesterday(前天)，last night，last week，last month， last year，a moment ago(刚才)，just now(刚才)， two days ago，a week ago，in 1990等。 如： I went to bed at eleven last night. 昨晚我11：00睡觉。
二、动词过去式的构成规律
(一)规则动词的过去式
1、一般情况下，在动词原形后面加-ed;如：look→looked play→playe d;
2、以不发音e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d;如：live→lived use→used;
3、以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，先将 y 改为i ,再加 –ed;如：study→studied, try→tried fly→flied
4、以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个辅音字母后，再加 –ed。如：stop→stoppedplan→planned;
(二)不规则动词的过去式(后附不规则动词变化表)
1、改变动词中的元音;
begin→began drink→drank come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran know→knew win→won speak→spoketake→took write→wrote get→got
2、变词尾的–d 为–t ; build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent
3、与动词原形一样; cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut
4、变-ay 为-aid (少数动词); say→said pay→paid lay→laid
5、采用不同词根;sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought
6、其他。如：am/is→was are→were have/has→had do→did
三、句式变化
(一)一般过去时的一般疑问句
1、把was, were放在句首，其余位置不变。由Was…?引导的一般疑问句，肯定答为：Yes，… was. 否定回答为：No，…. wasn’t. 由Were…?引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答为：Yes，… were. 否定回答为：No，… weren’t. 如：
(1)I was born in Shanghai. →Were you born in Shanghai?
→Yes, I was. (肯定回答) →No, I wasn’t. (否定回答)
(2)They were in Li Yan’s home last night.
→Were they in Li Yan’s home last night?
→Yes, they were. (肯定回答) →No, they weren’t. (否定回答)
2、在行为动词的句子中，要用助动词词did来引导，其余的语序不变。要注意的是，要把行为动词的过去式改为原形。肯定回答为：Yes, …did. 否定回答：No, …didn’t. 如：
John played computer games last night.
→Did John play computer games last night?
→Yes, he did. (肯定回答) →No, he didn’t. (否定回答)
(二)一般过去时的否定句
1、在表示过去存在的状态的句子中，相接在was, were的后面加上not。
如：(1)He was in the park the day before yesterday. →He was not in the park the day before yesterday.
(2)We were busy last week. →We were not busy last week.
2、在表示过去的时间发生的动作的句子中，要在行为动词的前面加助动词didn’t.然后把过去式的行为动词改为动词原形。即：didn’t + 动词原形。如：
(1)She played the violin last night. →She didn’t play the violin last night.
(2) They swam in the lake yesterday. →They didn’t swim in the lake yesterday.
(三) 一般过去式的特殊疑问句
1.What did … ?(主要是询问过去发生了什么事情，注意要把过去式改为动词原形。)
We ate Chinese food last night. →What did we eat last night?
2.Where did ?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的地方。)
They sang and dance in the music room yesterday morning.
→Where did they sing and dance yesterday morning?
3.Who + 动词过去式 … ?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的人物。)
Mike and Tom climbed mountains last weekend.
→Who climbed mountains last weekend?
四、句子结构
1、在表示某个时间里存在的状态的句子，系动词用过式was，were构成。如：
(1)I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家。 (2)We were in the gym just now. 刚才我们在体育馆。
2、在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作，用动词的过去式构成。如：
I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜访了我的叔叔。
3.各种句式
(1)一般过去时的肯定陈述句：
主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语或表语。
He worked in Shanghai ten years ago.
(2)一般过去时的否定句：
a.主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 宾语。 (did + not = didn't)
He didn't do morning exercises yesterday.
b.主语 + wasn’t/weren’t +表语。(was + not = wasn't were + not = weren't)
He wasn't an English teacher ten years ago.
(3)一般过去时的一般疑问句：
a.Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语 ?
Did you study English in 1990 ?
b.Was/Were + 主语 + 表语 ?
Was he a pupil five years ago ?
(4)一般过去时的特殊疑问句：
a.特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语?
Where did your parents live five years ago?
What did you do last Sunday?
b.特殊疑问词 + were/was + 表语?
Who was at the zoo yesterday?
小学英语动词过去式变化规则
1、一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2、结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted
3、末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped
4、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studie
不规则动词的过去式的构成
1.把动词原形中的 i 改为a，变成过去式。如：
begin—began，drink—drank，give—gave，ring—rang，sing—sang，sit—sat，swim—swam
2.把重读开音节中的 i 改为o，变成过去式。如：
drive—drove，ride—rode，write—wrote
3.改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew，变成过去式。如：
draw—drew，grow—grew，know—knew，throw—threw(动词show除外，show—showed)
4.动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。如：
get—got，forget—forgot
5.动词原形中的ee改为e，变成过去式。如：
feed—fed，meet—met
6.动词原形中的eep改为ept，变成过去式。如：
keep—kept，sleep—slept，sweep—swept
7.动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式。如：
break—broke，speak—spoke
8.动词原形中的ell 改为old，变成过去式。如：
sell—sold，tell—told
9.动词原形中的an改为oo，变成过去式。如：
stand—stood，understand—understood
10.以ought和aught结尾，且读音是〔 :t〕的过去式。如：
bring—brought，buy— bought，think—thought，catch—caught，teach—taught
11.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如：
can—could，shall—should，will—would
12.把动词原形中的o改为a，变成过去式。如：
come—came，become—became
13.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式，并且发生音变。如：
hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕， say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕，mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕
14.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如：
let—let，must—must，put—put，read—read〔red〕
15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如：
am，is—was，are—were，build—built，do—did，eat—ate，fall—fell，feel—felt，
find—found，fly—flew，go—went，have /has— had，hold—held，leave—left，
make—made，may—might，run—ran，see—saw，take—took
